• Kaifeng Jiang, Dong Liu, Patrick F McKay, Thomas W Lee, and Terence R Mitchell.
• Department of Human Resource Management, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. kfjiang@eden.rutgers.edu
• J Appl Psychol. 2012 Sep 1; 97 (5): 1077-96.

AbstractThe present meta-analytic study introduces an overall model of the relationships between job embeddedness and turnover outcomes. Drawing on 65 independent samples (N = 42,907), we found that on-the-job and off-the-job embeddedness negatively related to turnover intentions and actual turnover, after controlling for job satisfaction, affective commitment, and job alternatives. In addition, the negative relationships between on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) and turnover criteria were stronger in female-dominated samples and public organizations (collectivistic countries). Finally, turnover intentions, job search behavior, and job performance fully (partially) mediated the effect of on-the-job embeddedness (off-the-job embeddedness) on actual turnover. The research and practical implications of our findings are noted, in light of study limitations and future research needs.

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