• Theresa A Rowe, Tiffany Brown, Jason N Doctor, Jeffrey A Linder, and Stephen D Persell.
• Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 N Lakeshore Dr. 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. theresa.rowe@northwestern.edu.
• Bmc Fam Pract. 2021 May 15; 22 (1): 95.

BackgroundThe objective is to understand why physicians order tests or treatments in older adults contrary to published recommendations.MethodsParticipants: Physicians above the median for ≥ 1 measures of overuse representing 3 Choosing Wisely topics.MeasurementsParticipants evaluated decisions in a semi-structured interview regarding: 1) Screening men aged ≥ 76 with prostate specific antigen 2) Ordering urine studies in women ≥ 65 without symptoms 3) Overtreating adults aged ≥ 75 with insulin or oral hypoglycemic medications. Two investigators independently coded transcripts using qualitative analysis.ResultsNineteen interviews were conducted across the three topics resulting in four themes. First, physicians were aware and knowledgeable of guidelines. Second, perceived patient preference towards overuse influenced physician action even when physicians felt strongly that testing was not indicated. Third, physicians overestimated benefits of a test and underemphasized potential harms. Fourth, physicians were resistant to change when patients appeared to be doing well.ConclusionsThough physicians expressed awareness to avoid overuse, deference to patient preferences and the tendency to distort the chance of benefit over harm influenced decisions to order testing. Approaches for decreasing unnecessary testing must account for perceived patient preferences, make the potential harms of overtesting salient, and address clinical inertia among patients who appear to be doing well.

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