• Jian-Hong Liu, Ying Zheng, and Ya-Wen Wang.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 May 21; 100 (20): e25969e25969.

IntroductionTransvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) is an emerging technique in the area of minimally invasive surgery. Vaginal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor, with only a few cases being reported in the literature. we demonstrate a novel approach for excision of a vaginal leiomyoma via vNOTES. To ensure reproducibility and replicability akin to a standardized procedure, we have provided a step-by-step video description of the use of vNOTES for upper anterior vaginal myomectomy.Patient ConcernsA 35-year-old female (G2P0A2) presented with a tumor in the upper anterior vaginal wall, which gradually increased in size.DiagnosisA vaginal examination revealed a swollen area approximately 3-cm in diameter on the upper anterior vaginal wall. The swelling was mobile and solid. All other vitals were normal. Transvaginal ultrasound detected a 3.0 × 3.4 cm hypoechogenic mass on the superior vaginal wall, and a preoperative diagnosis of the vaginal tumor was confirmed.InterventionsThe upper vaginal leiomyoma treated using transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.OutcomesThe procedure lasted for 20 min, and the postoperative course was uneventful.ConclusionsvNOTES can be a promising alternative to traditional vaginal surgery for upper vaginal disease due to advantages such as excellent exposure, easy access and precise suturing. However, more studies are needed to assess its long-term efficacy.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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