• M Eddleston, F Mohamed, J O J Davies, P Eyer, F Worek, M H R Sheriff, and N A Buckley.
• Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. eddlestonm@eureka.lk
• QJM. 2006 Aug 1; 99 (8): 513-22.

BackgroundAcute organophosphorus (OP) pesticide poisoning is a major clinical problem in the developing world. Textbooks ascribe most deaths to respiratory failure occurring in one of two distinct clinical syndromes: acute cholinergic respiratory failure or the intermediate syndrome. Delayed failure appears to be due to respiratory muscle weakness, but its pathophysiology is unclear.AimTo describe the clinical patterns of OP-induced respiratory failure, and to determine whether the two syndromes are clinically distinct.DesignProspective study of 376 patients with confirmed OP poisoning.MethodsPatients were observed throughout their admission to three Sri Lankan hospitals. Exposure was confirmed by butyrylcholinesterase and blood OP assays.ResultsNinety of 376 patients (24%) required intubation: 52 (58%) within 2 h of admission while unconscious with cholinergic features. Twenty-nine (32%) were well on admission but then required intubation after 24 h while conscious and without cholinergic features. These two syndromes were not clinically distinct and had much overlap. In particular, some patients who required intubation on arrival subsequently recovered consciousness but could not be extubated, requiring ventilation for up to 6 days.DiscussionRespiratory failure did not occur as two discrete clinical syndromes within distinct time frames. Instead, the pattern of failure was variable and overlapped in some patients. There seemed to be two underlying mechanisms (an early acute mixed central and peripheral respiratory failure, and a late peripheral respiratory failure) rather than two distinct clinical syndromes.

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