• Samy Kasem, Ibraheem Qasim, Ali Al-Hufofi, Osman Hashim, Ali Alkarar, Ali Abu-Obeida, Albagir Gaafer, Abdelhamid Elfadil, Ahmed Zaki, Ahmed Al-Romaihi, Nasereldeen Babekr, Nadr El-Harby, Raed Hussien, Ali Al-Sahaf, Ali Al-Doweriej, Faisal Bayoumi, Poon Leo L M LLM Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Chu Daniel K W DKW Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Malik Peiris, and Ranawaka A P M Perera.
• Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, 65 King Abdulaziz Road, Riyadh 11195, Saudi Arabia; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El Geish Street, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt. Electronic address: samy_kasem1976@yahoo.com.
• J Infect Public Health. 2018 May 1; 11 (3): 331-338.

BackgroundMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emerged coronavirus that is associated with a severe respiratory disease in humans in the Middle East. The epidemiological profiles of the MERS-CoV infections suggest zoonotic transmission from an animal reservoir to humans.MethodsThis study was designed to investigate animal herds associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-infected patients in Saudi Arabia, during the last three years (2014-2016). Nasal swabs and serum samples from 584 dromedary camels, 39 sheep, 51 goats, and 2 cattle were collected. Nasal samples from camels, sheep, goats, and cattle were examined by real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to detect MERS-CoV RNA, and the Anti-MERS ELISA assay was performed to detect camel humeral immune response (IgG) to MERS-CoV S1 antigen infection. The complete genome sequencing of ten MERS-CoV camel isolates and phylogenetic analysis was performed.ResultsThe data indicated that seventy-five dromedary camels were positive for MERS-CoV RNA; the virus was not detected in sheep, goats, and cattle. MERS-CoV RNA from infected camels was not detected beyond 2 weeks after the first positive result was detected in nasal swabs obtained from infected camels. Anti-MERS ELISA assays showed that 70.9% of camels related to human cases had antibodies to MERS-CoV. The full genome sequences of the ten MERS-CoV camel isolates were identical to their corresponding patients and were grouped together within the larger MERS-CoV sequences cluster for human and camel isolates reported form the Arabian Peninsula.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that camels are a significant reservoir for the maintenance of MERS-CoVs, and they are an important source of human infection with MERS.Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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