• Shoshana J Herzig, Michael B Rothberg, Michael Cheung, Long H Ngo, and Edward R Marcantonio.
• Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, (Herzig, Cheung, Ngo, Marcantonio), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School (Herzig, Ngo, Marcantonio), Boston, Massachusetts.
• J Hosp Med. 2014 Feb 1; 9 (2): 738173-81.

BackgroundRecent studies in the outpatient setting have demonstrated high rates of opioid prescribing and overdose-related deaths. Prescribing practices in hospitalized patients are unexamined.ObjectiveTo investigate patterns and predictors of opioid utilization in nonsurgical admissions to US hospitals, variation in use, and the association between hospital-level use and rates of severe opioid-related adverse events.Design, Setting, And PatientsAdult nonsurgical admissions to 286 US hospitals.MeasurementsOpioid exposure and severe opioid-related adverse events during hospitalization, defined using hospital charges and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes.ResultsOf 1.14 million admissions, opioids were used in 51%. The mean ± standard deviation daily dose received in oral morphine equivalents was 68 ± 185 mg; 23% of exposed received a total daily dose of ≥100 mg oral morphine equivalents. Opioid-prescribing rates ranged from 5% in the lowest-prescribing hospital to 72% in the highest-prescribing hospital (mean, 51% ± 10%). After adjusting for patient characteristics, the adjusted opioid-prescribing rates ranged from 33% to 64% (mean, 50% ± standard deviation 4%). Among exposed, 0.60% experienced severe opioid-related adverse events. Hospitals with higher opioid-prescribing rates had higher adjusted relative risk of a severe opioid-related adverse event per patient exposed (relative risk: 1.23 [1.14-1.33] for highest-prescribing compared with lowest-prescribing quartile).ConclusionsThe majority of hospitalized nonsurgical patients were exposed to opioids, often at high doses. Hospitals that used opioids most frequently had increased adjusted risk of a severe opioid-related adverse event per patient exposed. Interventions to standardize and enhance the safety of opioid prescribing in hospitalized patients should be investigated.© 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine.

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