• MelloRosane Reis deRRInstituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil., SilvaKátia Silveira daKSInstituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil., Anniele Medeiros Costa, and José Roberto de Moraes Ramos.
• Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2015 Sep 1; 133 (5): 401407401-7.

Context And ObjectivePrematurity has been correlated with altered lung mechanics. Some infants develop lung injury as a consequence of lung immaturity, invasive mechanical ventilation and exposure to oxygen, thus resulting in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The aim here was to compare the lung mechanics of preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia during the first year of life.Design And SettingProspective cohort study in a tertiary-level hospital.MethodsThis study included premature infants at a public hospital who underwent two pulmonary function tests: one at discharge and the other at the corrected age of 4 to 8 months. Tidal volume, lung compliance and lung resistance were measured. Statistical tests were used for comparisons between infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Results102 children with mean gestational age of 29 ± 2.0 weeks were studied; 17 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Lung compliance (0.84 ± 0.29 versus 1.28 ± 0.46; P < 0.001) and tidal volume (6.1 ± 0.94 versus 7.2 ± 1.43; P < 0.01) at discharge were significant lower in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia than in those without the disease, but no differences were observed at the second test (compliance: 1.53 ± 0.77 versus 1.94 ± 1.01; P = 0.12; and tidal volume: 6.9 ± 1.4 versus 7.3 ± 1.6; P = 0.42).ConclusionDifferences in lung mechanics were observed between infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia at hospital discharge but these differences were no longer detected at the final follow-up. The lung mechanics of all the infants improved over this period of time.

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