• Susumu Miyamoto, Takashi Yoshimoto, Nobuo Hashimoto, Yasushi Okada, Ichiro Tsuji, Teiji Tominaga, Jyoji Nakagawara, Jun C Takahashi, and JAM Trial Investigators.
• From the Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.M., J.C.T.); Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan (T.Y.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N.H.); Department of Cerebrovascular Disease and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.O.); Departments of Public Health (I.T.) and Neurosurgery (T.T.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Integrative Stroke Imaging Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (J.N.).
• Stroke. 2014 May 1; 45 (5): 1415-21.

Background And PurposeAbout one half of those who develop adult-onset moyamoya disease experience intracranial hemorrhage. Despite the extremely high frequency of rebleeding attacks and poor prognosis, measures to prevent rebleeding have not been established. The purpose of this study is to determine whether extracranial-intracranial bypass can reduce incidence of rebleeding and improve patient prognosis.MethodsThis study was a multicentered, prospective, randomized, controlled trial conducted by 22 institutes in Japan. Adult patients with moyamoya disease who had experienced intracranial hemorrhage within the preceding year were given either conservative care or bilateral extracranial-intracranial direct bypass and were observed for 5 years. Primary and secondary end points were defined as all adverse events and rebleeding attacks, respectively.ResultsEighty patients were enrolled (surgical, 42; nonsurgical, 38). Adverse events causing significant morbidity were observed in 6 patients in the surgical group (14.3%) and 13 patients in the nonsurgical group (34.2%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significant differences between the 2 groups (3.2%/y versus 8.2%/y; P=0.048). The hazard ratio of the surgical group calculated by Cox regression analysis was 0.391 (95% confidence interval, 0.148-1.029). Rebleeding attacks were observed in 5 patients in the surgical group (11.9%) and 12 in the nonsurgical group (31.6%), significantly different in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (2.7%/y versus 7.6%/y; P=0.042). The hazard ratio of the surgical group was 0.355 (95% confidence interval, 0.125-1.009).ConclusionsAlthough statistically marginal, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the significant difference between surgical and nonsurgical group, suggesting the preventive effect of direct bypass against rebleeding.Clinical Trial Registration Urlhttp://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm. Unique identifier: C000000166.

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