• Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care · Feb 2018

    Intra-aortic balloon pump protects against hydrostatic pulmonary oedema during peripheral venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

    • Nicolas Bréchot, Pierre Demondion, Francesca Santi, Guillaume Lebreton, Tai Pham, Apostolos Dalakidis, Laetitia Gambotti, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Matthieu Schmidt, Guillaume Hekimian, Philippe Cluzel, Jean Chastre, Pascal Leprince, and Alain Combes.
    • 1 Medical-Surgical ICU, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France.
    • Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2018 Feb 1; 7 (1): 62-69.

    BackgroundIncreased left ventricular afterload during peripheral venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support frequently causes hydrostatic pulmonary oedema. Because physiological studies demonstrated left ventricular afterload decrease during VA-ECMO assistance combined with the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), we progressively changed our standard practice systematically to associate an IABP with VA-ECMO. This study aimed to evaluate IABP efficacy in preventing pulmonary oedema in VA-ECMO-assisted patients.MethodsA retrospective single-centre study.ResultsAmong 259 VA-ECMO patients included, 104 received IABP. Weinberg radiological score-assessed pulmonary oedema was significantly lower in IABP+ than IABP- patients at all times after ECMO implantation. This protection against pulmonary oedema persisted when death and switching to central ECMO were used as competing risks (subhazard ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33-0.75; P<0.001). Multivariable analysis retained IABP as being independently associated with a lower risk of radiological pulmonary oedema (odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P=0.001) and a trend towards lower mortality (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-1.01; P=0.06). Finally, the time on ECMO free from mechanical ventilation increased in IABP+ patients (2.2±4.3 vs. 0.7±2.0 days; P=0.0003). Less frequent pulmonary oedema and more days off mechanical ventilation were also confirmed in 126 highly comparable IABP+ and IABP- patients, propensity score matched for receiving an IABP.ConclusionsAssociating an IABP with peripheral VA-ECMO was independently associated with a lower frequency of hydrostatic pulmonary oedema and more days off mechanical ventilation under ECMO.

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