• Jae Hyun Yim, Chan Kyo Kim, and Jae-Hun Kim.
• Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018 Apr 1; 47 (4): 1072-1079.

BackgroundActive surveillance (AS) is an important treatment strategy for prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2 has been addressed, but few studies have reported the value of PI-RADS v2 for assessing risk stratification in patients with PCa, especially on selecting potential candidates for AS.PurposeTo investigate the utility of PI-RADS v2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in evaluating patients with insignificant PCa, who are suitable for AS.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 238 patients with PCa who met the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance criteria underwent radical prostatectomy.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, including T2 -weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging.AssessmentInsignificant cancer was defined histopathologically as an organ-confined disease with a tumor volume <0.5 cm3 without Gleason score 4-5. Patients were divided into two groups based on the PI-RADS v2 and tumor ADC: A, PI-RADS score ≤3 and ADC ≥1.095 × 10-3 mm2 /s; and B, PI-RADS score 4-5 or ADC <1.095 × 10-3 mm2 /s. Preoperative clinical and imaging variables were evaluated regarding the associations with insignificant cancer.ResultsOf the 238 patients, 101 (42.8%) were diagnosed with insignificant cancer on pathological findings. The number of positive cores, prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), PI-RADS v2 and tumor ADC were significantly associated with insignificant cancer on univariate analysis (P < 0.05). However, multivariate analysis indicated tumor ADC (odds ratio [OR] = 4.57, P < 0.001) and PI-RADS v2 (OR = 3.60, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of insignificant cancer. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) reached 0.803 when PI-RADS v2 (AUC = 0.747) was combined with tumor ADC (AUC = 0.786).Data ConclusionThe PI-RADS v2 together with tumor ADC may be a useful marker for predicting patients with insignificant PCa when considering AS.Level Of Evidence4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1072-1079.© 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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