• Kimberly T Green, Laura C Hayward, Ann M Williams, Paul A Dennis, Brandon C Bryan, Katherine H Taber, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup, Jonathan R T Davidson, Jean C Beckham, and Patrick S Calhoun.
• Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Kimberly.green@duke.edu.
• Assessment. 2014 Aug 1; 21 (4): 443-51.

AbstractThe present study examined the structural validity of the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large sample of U.S. veterans with military service since September 11, 2001. Participants (N = 1,981) completed the 25-item CD-RISC, a structured clinical interview and a self-report questionnaire assessing psychiatric symptoms. The study sample was randomly divided into two subsamples: an initial sample (Sample 1: n = 990) and a replication sample (Sample 2: n = 991). Findings derived from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not support the five-factor analytic structure as initially suggested in Connor and Davidson's instrument validation study. Although parallel analyses indicated a two-factor structural model, we tested one to six factor solutions for best model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported a two-factor model of resilience, composed of adaptability- (8 items) and self-efficacy-themed (6 items) items; however, only the adaptability-themed factor was found to be consistent with our view of resilience-a factor of protection against the development of psychopathology following trauma exposure. The adaptability-themed factor may be a useful measure of resilience for post-9/11 U.S. military veterans.© The Author(s) 2014.

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