• V J Harris, S Sherman, S O Trerotola, J J Snidow, M S Johnson, and G A Lehman.
• Department of Radiology, Indiana University Medical Center, University Hospital, Indianapolis 46202-5253, USA.
• Radiology. 1996 Apr 1; 199 (1): 71-7.

PurposeTo evaluate the use of a small choledochoscope and laser lithotripsy in the treatment of complex biliary stone disease.Materials And MethodsTwenty-five consecutive patients with complex biliary stone disease not amenable to surgical therapy, peroral endoscopic removal, or simple percutaneous retrieval techniques underwent 35 stone-removal procedures. A 3.4-mm endoscope and a pulsed dye coumarin green laser were used to pulverize and remove stones through preexisting, mature transhepatic biliary drain tracts (n = 18), t-tube tracts (n = 3), cholecystostomy tube tracts (n = 3), and a hepaticocutaneous enterostomy (n = 1). Procedures in 14 of the 25 patients (56%) were performed on an outpatient basis.ResultsTwenty-four of the 25 patients (96%) were cleared of their stone burden and underwent subsequent catheter therapy of strictures or abscesses as necessary. Complications of the stone removal included fever and chills in six patients (24%) and mild bleeding from a bile duct wall during removal of an adherent stone in one patient.ConclusionUse of a small choledochoscope and a coumarin green pulsed dye laser is safe and effective in the management of complex biliary stone disease.

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