• Katelyn A Young, Samantha M Lane, John E Widger, Nina M Neuhaus, James T Dove, Marcus Fluck, Marie A Hunsinger, Joseph A Blansfield, and Mohsen M Shabahang.
• Department of General Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania.
• J Surg Educ. 2017 Nov 1; 74 (6): e31-e38.

ObjectiveCharacterize the concordance among faculty and resident perceptions of surgical case complexity, resident technical performance, and autonomy in a diverse sample of general surgery procedures using case-specific evaluations.DesignA prospective study was conducted in which a faculty surgeon and surgical resident independently completed a postoperative assessment examining case complexity, resident operative performance (Milestone assessment) and autonomy (Zwisch model). Pearson correlation coefficients (r) reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05) were further classified as moderate (r ≥ 0.40), strong (r ≥ 0.60), or very strong (r ≥ 0.80).SettingThis study was conducted in the General Surgery Residency Program at an academic tertiary care facility (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA).ParticipantsParticipants included 6 faculty surgeons, in addition to 5 postgraduate year (PGY) 1, 6 midlevel (PGY 2-3), and 4 chief (PGY 4-5) residents.ResultsIn total, 75 surgical cases were analyzed. Midlevel residents accounted for the highest number of cases (35, 46.6%). Overall, faculty and resident perceptions of case complexity demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001). Technical performance scores were also strongly correlated (r = 0.66, p < 0.0001), whereas perceptions of autonomy demonstrated a moderate correlation (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed very strong correlations among faculty perceptions of case complexity and the perceptions of PGY 1 (r = 0.80, p < 0.0001) and chief residents (r = 0.82, p < 0.0001). All other intergroup correlations were strong with 2 notable exceptions as follows: midlevel and chief residents failed to correlate with faculty perceptions of autonomy and operative performance, respectively.ConclusionsGeneral surgery residents generally demonstrated high correlations with faculty perceptions of case complexity, technical performance, and operative autonomy. This generalized accord supports the use of the Milestone and Zwisch assessments in residency programs. However, discordance among perceptions of midlevel resident autonomy and chief resident operative performance suggests that these trainees may need more direct communication from the faculty.Copyright © 2017 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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