• Dar Dowlatshahi, H Bart Brouwers, Andrew M Demchuk, Michael D Hill, Richard I Aviv, Lee-Anne Ufholz, Michael Reaume, Max Wintermark, J Claude Hemphill, Yasuo Murai, Yongjun Wang, Xingquan Zhao, Yilong Wang, Na Li, Takatoshi Sorimachi, Mitsunori Matsumae, Thorsten Steiner, Timolaos Rizos, Steven M Greenberg, Javier M Romero, Jonathan Rosand, Joshua N Goldstein, and Mukul Sharma.
• From the Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.D., M.R.); Departments of Neurology (H.B.B., S.M.G., J.R.), Radiology (J.M.R.) and Emergency Medicine (J.N.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (H.B.B.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Calgary Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.M.D., M.D.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.I.A.); Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.-A.U.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (M.W.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (J.C.H.); Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (Y.M.); Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang, X.Z., Yilong Wang, N.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tokai University, Japan (T. Sorimachi, M.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (T. Steiner, T.R.); Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, Germany (T. Steiner); and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.S.). ddowlat@toh.on.ca.
• Stroke. 2016 Mar 1; 47 (3): 695-700.

Background And PurposeHematoma expansion after acute intracerebral hemorrhage is common and is associated with early deterioration and poor clinical outcome. The computed tomographic angiography (CTA) spot sign is a promising predictor of expansion; however, frequency and predictive values are variable across studies, possibly because of differences in onset-to-CTA time. We performed a patient-level meta-analysis to define the relationship between onset-to-CTA time and frequency and predictive ability of the spot sign.MethodsWe completed a systematic review for studies of CTA spot sign and hematoma expansion. We subsequently pooled patient-level data on the frequency and predictive values for significant hematoma expansion according to 5 predefined categorized onset-to-CTA times. We calculated spot-sign frequency both as raw and frequency-adjusted rates.ResultsAmong 2051 studies identified, 12 met our inclusion criteria. Baseline hematoma volume, spot-sign status, and time-to-CTA were available for 1176 patients, and 1039 patients had follow-up computed tomographies for hematoma expansion analysis. The overall spot sign frequency was 26%, decreasing from 39% within 2 hours of onset to 13% beyond 8 hours (P<0.001). There was a significant decrease in hematoma expansion in spot-positive patients as onset-to-CTA time increased (P=0.004), with positive predictive values decreasing from 53% to 33%.ConclusionsThe frequency of the CTA spot sign is inversely related to intracerebral hemorrhage onset-to-CTA time. Furthermore, the positive predictive value of the spot sign for significant hematoma expansion decreases as time-to-CTA increases. Our results offer more precise risk stratification for patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage and will help refine clinical prediction rules for intracerebral hemorrhage expansion.© 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.

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