• Carlos L Alviar, Juan Simon Rico-Mesa, David A Morrow, Holger Thiele, P Elliott Miller, Diego Jose Maselli, and Sean van Diepen.
• The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address: carlosalviar@gmail.com.
• Can J Cardiol. 2020 Feb 1; 36 (2): 300-312.

AbstractCardiogenic shock (CS) is often complicated by respiratory failure, and more than 80% of patients with CS require respiratory support. Elevated filling pressures from left-ventricular (LV) dysfunction lead to alveolar pulmonary edema, which impairs both oxygenation and ventilation. The implementation of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) improves gas exchange and can improve cardiovascular hemodynamics by reducing preload and afterload of the LV, reducing mitral regurgitation and decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, all of which can help augment cardiac output and improve tissue perfusion. In right ventricular (RV) failure, however, PPV can potentially decrease preload and increase afterload, which can potentially lead to hemodynamic deterioration. Thus, a working understanding of cardiopulmonary interactions during PPV in LV and RV dominant CS states is required to safely treat this complex and high-acuity group of patients with respiratory failure. Herein, we provide a review of the published literature with a comprehensive discussion of the available evidence on the use of PPV in CS. Furthermore, we provide a practical framework for the selection of ventilator settings in patients with and without mechanical circulatory support, induction, and sedation methods, and an algorithm for liberation from PPV in patients with CS.Copyright © 2019 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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