• Guillaume Lacave, Vincent Caille, Fabrice Bruneel, Catherine Palette, Stéphane Legriel, David Grimaldi, Mathilde Eurin, and Jean-Pierre Bedos.
• Medico-Surgical Intensive Care Department, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Site André Mignot, Le Chesnay Cedex Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Site André Mignot, Le Chesnay Cedex, France Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Units, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Feb 1; 96 (7): e6023.

AbstractFor vancomycin therapy of severe infections, the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends high vancomycin trough levels, whose potential for inducing nephrotoxicity is controversial. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients given continuous intravenous vancomycin with target serum vancomycin levels of 20 to 30 mg/L.We retrospectively studied 107 continuous intravenous vancomycin treatments of ≥48 hours' duration with at least 2 serum vancomycin levels ≥20 mg/L in critically ill patients. Nephrotoxicity was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Clinical Practice Guideline for AKI (ie, serum creatinine elevation by ≥26.5 μmoL/L or to ≥1.5 times baseline). Risk factors for AKI were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.AKI developed in 31 (29%) courses. Higher serum vancomycin levels were associated with AKI (P < 0.01). Factors independently associated with AKI were highest serum vancomycin ≥40 mg/L (odds ratio [OR], 3.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-10.37; P < 0.01), higher cumulative number of organ failures (OR, 2.63 95%CI, 1.42-5.31; P < 0.01), and cirrhosis of the liver (OR, 5.58; 95%CI, 1.08-31.59; P = 0.04).In this study, 29% of critically ill patients had AKI develop during continuous intravenous vancomycin therapy targeting serum levels of 20 to 30 mg/L. Serum vancomycin level ≥40 mg/L was independently associated with AKI.

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