• Julie Gendras, Pauline Lavenant, Iona Sicard-Cras, Maëlys Consigny, Laurent Misery, Anand Kanwaljeet J S KJS Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab, Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Jacques Sizun, and Jean-Michel Roué.
• Pôle de Femme, de la Mère et de l'Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Brest, France.
• Pediatr. Res. 2020 Sep 22.

BackgroundAccurate assessments of pain in hospitalized preterm infants present a major challenge in improving the short- and long-term consequences associated with painful experiences. We evaluated the ability of the newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation (NIPE) index to detect acute procedural pain in preterm infants.MethodsDifferent painful and stressful interventions were prospectively observed in preterm infants born at 25 + 0 to 35 + 6 weeks gestation. Pain responses were measured using the composite Premature Infant Pain Profile Revised (PIPP-R) scale, the NIPE index, and skin conductance responses (SCR). Outcome measures were correlations between the NIPE index, the PIPP-R score, and the SCR. Sensitivity/specificity analyses tested the accuracy of the NIPE index and SCR.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty-four procedures were recorded in 90 preterm infants. No significant correlation was found between PIPP-R and the NIPE index. PIPP-R and SCR were positively correlated (r = 0.27, P < 0.001), with stronger correlations for painful procedures (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and especially for skin-breaking procedures (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). The NIPE index and SCR had high sensitivity and high negative predictive values to predict PIPP-R > 10, especially for skin-breaking painful procedures.ConclusionsWe found no significant correlation between the NIPE index and PIPP-R during routine painful or stressful procedures in preterm infants.ImpactExposure to repetitive pain can lead to neurodevelopmental sequelae. Behavior-based pain scales have limited clinical utility, especially for preterm infants. New devices for monitoring physiological responses to pain have not been validated sufficiently in preterm infants. This study found that the NIPE index was not significantly correlated to the validated PIPP-R scale during acute procedural pain. Secondary analysis of this study showed that NIPE index and SCRs may help to exclude severe pain in preterm infants. In clinical practice, measurements of physiological parameters should be combined with behavior-based scales for multidimensional pain assessments.

14 keywords...

hide…