• Francisco Javier Martín-Sánchez, Patricia Parra Esquivel, Guillermo Llopis García, Juan González Del Castillo, Esther Rodríguez Adrada, Begoña Espinosa, María Pilar López Díez, Rodolfo Romero Pareja, Miguel Alberto Rizzi Bordigoni, María José Pérez-Durá, Carlos Bibiano, Carles Ferrer, Sira Aguiló, Enrique Martín Mojarro, Alfons Aguirre, Pascual Piñera, Amanda López-Picado, Pere Llorens, Javier Jacob, Víctor Gil, Pablo Herrero, Cristina Fernández Pérez, Pedro Gil, Elpidio Calvo, Xavier Rosselló, Héctor Bueno, Guillermo Burillo, Òscar Miró, and Registro OAK-Discharge y Estudio DEED FRAIL-AHF..
• Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, España. Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
• Emergencias. 2021 Jun 1; 33 (3): 165-173.

ObjectivesTo study the effect of high-risk criteria on 30-day outcomes in frail older patients with acute heart failure (AHF) discharged from an emergency department (ED) or an ED's observation and short-stay areas.Material And MethodsSecondary analysis of discharge records in the Older AHF Key Data registry. We selected frail patients (aged > 70 years) discharged with AHF from EDs. Risk factors were categorized as modifiable or nonmodifiable. The outcomes were a composite endpoint for a cardiovascular event (revisits for AHF, hospitalization for AHF, or cardiovascular death) and the number of days alive out-of-hospital (DAOH) within 30 days of discharge.ResultsWe included 380 patients with a mean (SD) age of 86 (5.5) years (61.2% women). Modifiable risk factors were identified in 65.1%, nonmodifiable ones in 47.8%, and both types in 81.6%. The 30-day cardiovascular composite endpoint occurred in 83 patients (21.8%). The mean 30-day DAOH observed was 27.6 (6.1) days. Highrisk factors were present more often in patients who developed the cardiovascular event composite endpoint: the rates for patients with modifiable, nonmodifiable, or both types of risk were, respectively, as follows in comparison with patients not at high risk: 25.0% vs 17.2%, P = .092; 27.6% vs 16.7%, P = .010; and 24.7% vs 15.2%, P = .098). The 30-day DAOH outcome was also lower for at-risk patients, according to type of risk factor present: modifiable, 26.9 (7.0) vs 28.4 (4.4) days, P = .011; nonmodifiable, 27.1 (7.0) vs 28.0 (5.0) days, P = .127; and both, 27.1 (6.7) vs 28.8 (3.4) days, P = .005). After multivariate analysis, modifiable risk remained independently associated with fewer days alive (adjusted absolute difference in 30-day DAOH, -1.3 days (95% CI, -2.7 to -0.1 days). Nonmodifiable factors were associated with increased risk for the 30-day cardiovascular composite endpoint (adjusted absolute difference, 10.4%; 95% CI, -2.1% to 18.7%).ConclusionRisk factors are common in frail elderly patients with AHF discharged home from hospital ED areas. Their presence is associated with a worse 30-day prognosis.

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