• Rodrigo R N Rizzo, Michael C Ferraro, Michael A Wewege, Aidan G Cashin, Hayley B Leake, Edel T O'Hagan, Matthew D Jones, Sylvia M Gustin, and James H McAuley.
• School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
• JMIR Res Protoc. 2021 Jan 22; 10 (1): e22905.

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Most people with LBP receive the diagnosis of nonspecific LBP or sciatica. Medications are commonly prescribed but have limited analgesic effects and are associated with adverse events. A novel treatment approach is to target neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) to reduce pain intensity. NGF inhibitors have been tested in some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in recent years, showing promise for the treatment of chronic LBP; however, their efficacy and safety need to be evaluated to guide regulatory actions.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicines targeting neurotrophins in patients with LBP and sciatica.MethodsIn this systematic review, we will include published and unpublished records of parallel RCTs and the first phase of crossover RCTs that compare the effects of medicines targeting neurotrophins with any control group. We will search the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, and WHO International Clinical Registry Platform databases from inception. Pairs of authors will independently screen the records for eligibility, and we will independently extract data in duplicate. We will conduct a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) with the studies that report sufficient data and compare the medicines of interest versus placebo. We will use random-effects models and calculate estimates of effects and heterogeneity for each outcome. We will assess the risk of bias for each study using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and form judgments of confidence in the evidence according to GRADE recommendations. We will use the PRISMA statement to report the findings. We plan to conduct subgroup analyses by condition, type of medication, and time point. We will also assess the impact of a potential new trial on an existing meta-analysis. Data from studies that meet inclusion criteria but cannot be included in the meta-analysis will be reported narratively.ResultsThe protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework on May 19, 2020. As of December 2020, we have identified 1932 records.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the evidence for the efficacy and safety of NGF inhibitors for pain in patients with nonspecific LBP and sciatica. The inclusion of new studies and unpublished data may improve the precision of the effect estimates and guide regulatory actions of the medications for LBP and sciatica.Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework; https://osf.io/b8adn/.International Registered Report Identifier (Irrid)DERR1-10.2196/22905.©Rodrigo R N Rizzo, Michael C Ferraro, Michael A Wewege, Aidan G Cashin, Hayley B Leake, Edel T O’Hagan, Matthew D Jones, Sylvia M Gustin, James H McAuley. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 22.01.2021.

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