• Claire Auditeau, Alexis Talbot, Adeline Blandinières, David M Smadja, and Nicolas Gendron.
• AP-HP, université de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, laboratoire d'hématologie, Paris, France.
• Bull Cancer. 2020 May 1; 107 (5): 574-585.

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants, anti-IIa or anti-Xa, are widely used in the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic disease as well as in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants are characterized by a rapid onset of activity, a predictable response and a relatively wide therapeutic window. Nevertheless, theoretical drug interactions exist since direct oral anticoagulants are substrates of the transport protein P-glycoprotein and/or of isoforms of cytochromes P450 pathway. Direct oral anticoagulants do not have a marketing authorization for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis unlike low-molecular-weight heparins which remain the gold standard treatment today. However, recent studies have compared low-molecular-weight heparins to direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. Results of these studies showed a non-inferiority of direct oral anticoagulants in the prevention of recurrent thromboembolic events but at the cost of an increased hemorrhagic risk, in particular for patients with gastrointestinal and urogenital cancers. Thus, international guidelines, unlike French guidelines, integrate them in first line of the therapeutic strategy of cancer patients. We are certainly entering an era of personalized therapy for cancer-associated thrombosis, considering cancer type and also the theoretical risk of drug interactions with anti-cancer treatments or supportive care.Copyright © 2020 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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