• N L Halladin, S Ekeløf, M Alamili, K Bendtzen, J Lykkesfeldt, J Rosenberg, and I Gögenur.
• Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark nathoel@yahoo.dk.
• Perfusion. 2015 Jan 1; 30 (1): 64-70.

ObjectiveIschaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is partly caused by the release of reactive oxygen species and cytokines and may result in remote organ injury. Surgical patients are exposed to surgical stress and anaesthesia, both of which can influence the IR response. An IR model without these interfering factors of surgery is, therefore, useful to test the potential of antioxidant and cytokine-modulatory treatments. The aim of this study was to characterize a human ischaemia-reperfusion model with respect to oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers.Materials And MethodsTen male volunteers were exposed to 20 minutes of lower limb ischaemia. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken at baseline and 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after tourniquet release and analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, IL-10, TNF-receptor (TNF-R)I, TNF-RII and YKL-40.ResultsWe found no significant increase in MDA in the muscle biopsies after reperfusion. Plasma levels of oxidative and pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters showed no significant differences between baseline and after reperfusion at any sampling time.ConclusionTwenty minutes of lower limb ischaemia does not result in an ischaemia-reperfusion injury in healthy volunteers, measurable by oxidative and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in muscle biopsies and in the systemic circulation.© The Author(s) 2014.

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