• Noboru Matsumoto, Takeshi Hatachi, Yu Inata, Yoshiyuki Shimizu, and Muneyuki Takeuchi.
• Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan.
• Eur. J. Pediatr. 2019 Feb 1; 178 (2): 155-160.

AbstractWe performed a retrospective, observational study of patients who had spent > 14 days in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our hospital from 2011 to 2013. Specifically, long-term mortality, functional outcome, and PICU resource occupancy were examined. All prolonged-stay patients in our study were < 15 years of age. Favourable outcomes were defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) score of 1-2, and unfavourable outcomes as a POPC score of 3-6 or death. During the study period, there were 1082 PICU admissions involving 805 patients, 111 (13.8%) of whom had one or more prolonged PICU stays. Among these patients, 100 (90%) survived to PICU discharge and 92 (83%) survived to hospital discharge. At the 3-year follow-up, the survival rate was 75% (77/102; nine patients were lost to follow-up) and the favourable outcome rate was 43% (44/102) (57% among survivors). Prolonged PICU-stay patients accounted for 50.5% of the PICU patient-days. Extremely prolonged stays (≥ 28 days) correlate with low favourable outcome rates (P = 0.03), but did not correlate with mortality rates (P = 0.16).Conclusion: Although prolonged PICU-stay patients utilized many PICU resources, most survived at least 3 years, and > 50% of the survivors had a favourable functional outcome (POPC score). What is Known: • The number of patients with prolonged paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stays is increasing. • These patients utilize many resources and are at high risk for mortality and disabilities. What is New: • Although prolonged-stay patients accounted for 50% of PICU patient-days, their 3-year survival rate and favourable functional outcome rate (based on Pediatric Overall Performance Category scores) were relatively high. • Extremely prolonged stays (≥ 28 days) correlate with low favourable functional outcomes but not with mortality.

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