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- Nathan A Brooks and Michael A O'Donnell.
- Department of Urology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Urol. Clin. North Am. 2020 Feb 1; 47 (1): 83-91.
AbstractAfter Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) failure, there is likely a 6- to 24-month window whereby salvage intravesical therapy might allow for preservation of the bladder without disease worsening. Combination intravesical, salvage therapy for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer represents a promising avenue for treatment in patients unfit or unwilling to undergo cystectomy. BCG with concomitant immune stimulating agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination chemotherapy regimens, such as gemcitabine and docetaxol, and novel agents currently in clinical trials provide hope for a bladder-sparing alternative for patients after BCG failure.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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