• Jonathan Batty, Weiliang Qiu, Sophie Gu, Hannah Sinclair, Murugapathy Veerasamy, Benjamin Beska, Dermot Neely, Gary Ford, Vijay Kunadian, and ICON-1 Study Investigators.
• Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
• Int. J. Cardiol. 2019 Jan 1; 274: 45-51.

AimsThe aim of this prospective, observational study was to identify predictors of adverse outcome at one year, following invasive care of older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) according to frailty status.MethodsOlder patients (aged ≥ 75 years), presenting with NSTEACS, undergoing invasive coronary angiography with a view to revascularisation, underwent assessment of frailty, cognition, functional status and quality of life. Participants were categorised as robust, pre-frail or frail using the Fried criteria. The primary outcome comprised a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, unplanned revascularisation and major bleeding, at one year. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to derive a multivariate risk score.ResultsOverall, the composite endpoint was observed in 81 participants (29%). There was a significant difference in the occurrence of the primary outcome in the 3 frailty groups (robust 18.0%, pre-frail 27.5% and frail 39%; p = 0.03; hazard ratio (HR) for frail vs. robust: 2.79, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.28-6.08). Fried frailty classification, age (categorised as ≥85 years), raised Killip class, systolic blood pressure on admission, history of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), problems dressing self and implantation of a bare metal stent were identified as predictors of adverse events at one year, with a C-statistic of 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.83). A point-based clinical risk score (FRAIL-HEART) was defined, which had a C-statistic of 0.70 (95% CI 0.63-0.77) and significantly outperformed the GRACE 2 score.ConclusionFrailty is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, following invasive management of older patients with NSTEACS. The derived risk models may enable improved risk stratification in practice.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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