• Cristina A Metildi, Sharmeela Kaushal, Chanae R Hardamon, Cynthia S Snyder, Minya Pu, Karen S Messer, Mark A Talamini, Robert M Hoffman, and Michael Bouvet.
• Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0987, USA.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2012 Jul 1; 215 (1): 126136126-35; discussion 135-6.

BackgroundNegative surgical margins are vital to achieve cure and prolong survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. We inquired if fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) could improve surgical outcomes and reduce recurrence rates in orthotopic mouse models of human pancreatic cancer.Study DesignA randomized active-control preclinical trial comparing bright light surgery (BLS) to FGS was used. Orthotopic mouse models of human pancreatic cancer were established using the BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell line expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). Two weeks after orthotopic implantation, tumors were resected with BLS or FGS. Pre- and postoperative images were obtained with the OV-100 Small Animal Imaging System to assess completeness of surgical resection in real time. Postoperatively, noninvasive whole body imaging was done to assess recurrence and follow tumor progression. Six weeks postoperatively, mice were sacrificed to evaluate primary pancreatic and metastatic tumor burden at autopsy.ResultsA more complete resection of pancreatic cancer was achieved using FGS compared with BLS: 98.9% vs 77.1%, p = 0.005. The majority of mice undergoing BLS (63.2%) had evidence of gross disease with no complete resections; 20% of mice undergoing FGS had complete resection and an additional 75% had only minimal residual disease (p = 0.0001). The mean postoperative tumor burden was significantly less with FGS compared with BLS: 0.08 ± 0.06 mm(2) vs 2.64 ± 0.63 mm(2), p = 0.001. The primary tumor burden at termination was significantly less with FGS compared with BLS: 19.3 ± 5.3 mm(2) vs 6.2 ± 3.6 mm(2), p = 0.048. FGS resulted in significantly longer disease-free survival than BLS (p = 0.02, hazard ratio = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17, 0.88).ConclusionsSurgical outcomes were improved in pancreatic cancer using fluorescence-guidance. This novel approach has significant potential to improve surgical treatment of cancer.Copyright © 2012 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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