• Salvatore C Rametta, Sara E Fridinger, Alexander K Gonzalez, Julie Xian, Peter D Galer, Michael Kaufman, Marisa S Prelack, Uzma Sharif, Mark P Fitzgerald, Susan E Melamed, Marissa P Malcolm, Sudha Kilaru Kessler, Donna J Stephenson, Brenda L Banwell, Nicholas S Abend, and Ingo Helbig.
• From the Division of Neurology (S.C.R., S.E.F., A.K.G., J.X., P.D.G., M.K., M.S.P., U.S., M.P.F., S.E.M., M.P.M., S.K.K., D.J.S.., B.L.B., N.S.A., I.H.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (A.K.G., J.X., P.D.G., M.K., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (A.K.G., J.X., P.D.G., M.K., M.P.F., S.K.K., N.S.A., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; and Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.C.R., S.E.F., M.S.P., M.P.F., S.K.K., N.S.A., I.H.), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (N.S.A.), and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care (N.S.A.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
• Neurology. 2020 Sep 1; 95 (9): e1257-e1266.

ObjectiveTo assess the rapid implementation of child neurology telehealth outpatient care with the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020.MethodsThis was a cohort study with retrospective comparison of 14,780 in-person encounters and 2,589 telehealth encounters, including 2,093 audio-video telemedicine and 496 scheduled telephone encounters, between October 1, 2019 and April 24, 2020. We compared in-person and telehealth encounters for patient demographics and diagnoses. For audio-video telemedicine encounters, we analyzed questionnaire responses addressing provider experience, follow-up plans, technical quality, need for in-person assessment, and parent/caregiver satisfaction. We performed manual reviews of encounters flagged as concerning by providers.ResultsThere were no differences in patient age and major ICD-10 codes before and after transition. Clinicians considered telemedicine satisfactory in 93% (1,200 of 1,286) of encounters and suggested telemedicine as a component for follow-up care in 89% (1,144 of 1,286) of encounters. Technical challenges were reported in 40% (519 of 1,314) of encounters. In-person assessment was considered warranted after 5% (65 of 1,285) of encounters. Patients/caregivers indicated interest in telemedicine for future care in 86% (187 of 217) of encounters. Participation in telemedicine encounters compared to telephone encounters was less frequent among patients in racial or ethnic minority groups.ConclusionsWe effectively converted most of our outpatient care to telehealth encounters, including mostly audio-video telemedicine encounters. Providers rated the vast majority of telemedicine encounters to be satisfactory, and only a small proportion of encounters required short-term in-person follow-up. These findings suggest that telemedicine is feasible and effective for a large proportion of child neurology care. Additional strategies are needed to ensure equitable telemedicine use.Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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