• Annals of surgery · Dec 2022

    Gender Representation Among Principal Investigators in Cardiac Surgery Clinical Trials in the United States: The Glass Ceiling and Room for Improvement.

    • Quynh Nguyen, Jessica G Y Luc, Jennifer S Lawton, Joanna Chikwe, Lorraine D Cornwell, Katherine Simpson, Anthony L Estrera, Marc R Moon, and Ourania Preventza.
    • Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
    • Ann. Surg. 2022 Dec 1; 276 (6): e1101e1106e1101-e1106.

    ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the sex representation among principal investigators (PIs) in US cardiac surgery clinical trials.Summary Background DataBeing a principal investigator in a US clinical trial confers national recognition among peers. Sex representation among principal investigators (PIs) in US cardiac surgery clinical trials has not been evaluated.MethodsWe evaluated 124 US cardiac surgery trials registered on Clin-icalTrials.gov from 2014 to 2019. Sixty trials included PIs (n = 266) from 128 institutions that had a combined total of 1040 adult cardiac surgeons. We examined sex representation among junior-level (instructor or assistant professor) and senior-level (associate, full, or Emeritus professor) PIs by calculating the participation-to-prevalence ratio (PPR), whereby a PPR range of 0.8 to 1.2 reflects equitable representation.ResultsThe pool representation percentage was 6.1% (63/1040) for women and 93.9% (977/1040) for men. A total of 266 PI positions were assigned to adult cardiac surgeons: 6 (9.5%; PPR = 0.37) from the female pool and 260 (26.6%; PPR = 1.04) from the male pool ( P = 0.004). The percentage of PIs with studies funded by industry was 9.5% ofthe female pool (PPR = 0.39) and 25.0% of the male pool (PPR = 1.04) ( P = 0.009). No National Institutes of Health-funded or other funded trials had female PIs. An overall trend was observed toward disproportionally more men than women among PIs, especially at the senior level ( P = 0.027).ConclusionsEquitable opportunities for PI positions are available for junior-level but not senior-level cardiothoracic surgeons. These results suggest a need for active engagement and promotion of equal opportunities in cardiac surgery.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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