• Ahu Pakdemirli, Elvin Çalışkan, Sabri Hacıoğlu, Erdem Danyer, Özlem Kardoğan, KurtZüleyha ErgünZEVeterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey., Özcan Yıldırım, Hakan Taşkaya, Bora Ündar, Yasemin Sezgin, Gencay Ergin, Himmet Ekici, Ufuk Ülker, Erkan Taçbaş, Şahin Çakır, Ramazan Bülbül, Mustafa Bebek, Meral Sarper, Dilek Dülger, Ümmü Sena Sarı, Fatma Ergin, Özden Kabaklı, and Cevdet Yaralı.
• Department of Physiology, Gülhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
• Turk J Med Sci. 2021 Oct 21; 51 (5): 226322732263-2273.

Background/Aim/AimSARS-CoV-2 disease was announced as a pandemic by The World Health Organization in early 2020. It is still threatening the world population. Here, we aimed to produce hyperimmune sera that contain immunoglobulin G and F(ab')2 fragments sourced from horse antibodies as an urgent response to the pandemic.Materials And MethodsSARS-CoV-2 was produced and inactivated with three different methods [formaldehyde (FA), formaldehyde, and binary ethylene amine (FA + BEI), and heat treatment]. After in vitro inactivation control, immunogens were mixed with Freund’s adjuvant, thereafter horses (n: 2 for FA, 4 for FA + BEI, 2 for heat inactivation) and New Zealand rabbits (n: 6 for FA, 6 fo r FA + BEI, 6 for heat inactivation) were immunized four times. Neutralizing antibody levels of the sera were measured at the 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks. When the antibodies were detected at the peak level, plasma was collected from horses and hyperimmune sera procured after the purification process.ResultsHorses and rabbits produced highly neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 in FA and FA + BEI inactivation groups, foreign proteins were removed effectively after purification.ConclusionThis study presents a profitable practice to develop specific antisera in horses against SARS-CoV-2 for emergency and low-cost response. In further studies, new purification methods can be used to increase the efficiency of the final product.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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