• Gary T Ferguson, Colin Reisner, James Pearle, Paolo DePetrillo, Andrea Maes, and Ubaldo J Martin.
• Pulmonary Research Institute of Southeast Michigan, Farmington Hills, MI 48336, USA. Electronic address: garytferguson@msn.com.
• Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Apr 1; 49: 67-74.

BackgroundGlycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (GFF) metered dose inhaler (MDI) is a fixed-dose combination of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), glycopyrrolate (GP), and the long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), formoterol fumarate (FF), delivered via metered dose inhaler using innovative co-suspension delivery technology. Here we report the results of two studies that examined the cardiovascular safety of GFF MDI.MethodsThe thorough QT (TQT) study was a Phase I, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, crossover study to assess GFF MDI 18/9.6 (Bevespi Aerosphere®), GFF MDI 144/38.4 and GP MDI 144 μg, compared with placebo MDI and open-label moxifloxacin 400 mg (active control) in healthy volunteers (PT003009). The cardiovascular safety study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was a Phase IIb, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, 14-day dosing, parallel-group study to evaluate GFF MDI 36/9.6, GP MDI 36 and FF MDI 9.6 μg compared with open-label FF dry powder inhaler (DPI; Foradil® Aerolizer®) 12 μg, in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (PT003003 [NCT01349803]).ResultsSeventy healthy volunteers were randomized in the TQT study. GFF MDI 144/38.4, GFF MDI 18/9.6 and GP MDI 144 μg all met the confidence interval-based criteria for negative QT prolongation potential. In the study in patients with COPD, 237 subjects were randomized and treated. GFF MDI 36/9.6, GP MDI 36, and FF MDI 9.6 μg did not result in clinically meaningful changes from baseline in 24-h mean heart rate at Day 14 (primary endpoint) or in any of the other Holter monitoring endpoints at Day 14, compared with FF DPI 12 μg.ConclusionsNo clinically significant effects on cardiovascular safety occurred at therapeutic or supratherapeutic doses of GFF MDI, apart from a small and transient increase in heart rate following supratherapeutic dose of GFF MDI 144/38.4 μg. Furthermore, there were no unexpected safety findings reported in either healthy volunteers or patients with COPD.Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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