• Kristopher M Day, Evon S Zoog, Chase T Kluemper, Jillian K Scott, Caleb M Steffen, James Woodfin Kennedy, David Marshall Jemison, Jason P Rehm, and Mark A Brzezienski.
• University of Tennessee, Chattanooga College of Medicine, Chattanooga, Tennessee; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Hayes Hand Center, Chattanooga, Tennessee. Electronic address: krisophermday@gmail.com.
• J Surg Educ. 2018 Mar 1; 75 (2): 450-457.

ObjectiveResident clinics (RCs) are intended to catalyze the achievement of educational milestones through progressively autonomous patient care. However, few studies quantify their effect on competency-based surgical education, and no previous publications focus on hand surgery RCs (HRCs). We demonstrate the achievement of progressive surgical autonomy in an HRC model.DesignA retrospective review of all patients seen in a weekly half-day HRC from October 2010 to October 2015 was conducted. Investigators compiled data on patient demographics, provider encounters, operational statistics, operative details, and dictated surgical autonomy on an ascending 5 point scoring system.SettingA tertiary hand surgery referral center.ResultsA total of 2295 HRC patients were evaluated during the study period in 5173 clinic visits. There was an average of 22.6 patients per clinic, including 9.0 new patients with 6.5 emergency room referrals. Totally, 825 operations were performed by 39 residents. Trainee autonomy averaged 2.1/5 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.2), 3.4/5 (SD = 1.3), 2.1/5 (SD = 1.3), 3.4/5 (SD = 1.2), 3.2/5 (SD = 1.5), 3.5/5 (SD = 1.5), 4.0/5 (SD = 1.2), 4.1/5 (SD = 1.2), in postgraduate years 1 to 8, respectively. Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated training level significantly effected operative autonomy (p = 0.0001). Continuity of care was maintained in 79.3% of cases, and patients were followed an average of 3.9 clinic encounters over 12.4 weeks.ConclusionsOur HRC appears to enable surgical trainees to practice supervised autonomous surgical care and provide a forum in which to observe progressive operative competency achievement during hand surgery training. Future studies comparing HRC models to non-RC models will be required to further define quality-of-care delivery within RCs.Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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