• Jaspal S Dua, Mario Carminati, Mariella Lucente, Luciane Piazza, Massimo Chessa, Diana Negura, Claudio Bussadori, Zakhia Saliba, and Gianfranco Butera.
• Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and Adult Congenital Heart Defect, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
• Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Feb 1; 75 (2): 246-55.

BackgroundThe incidence of residual ventricular septal defects (VSDs) after surgery is 5-25%. Redo surgery is associated with higher risks.MethodsBetween January 2000 to December 2008, 170 patients underwent percutaneous VSD closure in our centre: 22(16M) of these had 23 closures for residual VSDs. Median age was 32.5 yrs (1.4-79). All patients had echocardiographic signs of left ventricle volume overload (Q(p)/Q(s) >or= 1.5). Nine patients had previous VSD closure, 6 tetralogy of Fallot repair, and 7, other procedures. There were 15 muscular, 6 perimembranous and 2 apical VSDs.ResultsAmplatzer VSD devices were used in all. Median VSD size was 8 mm (4.3-16). Median fluoroscopy time was 33 minutes (15-130). There were three adverse events: 1 ventricular fibrillation requiring DC cardioversion; 1 transient complete atrio-ventricular block reverting to sinus rhythm at 24-hours; one patient had transient atrial flutter during the procedure. All procedures were successful; no additional procedures were required. Trivial residual shunts were seen in 3 patients at follow-up. There were no late events. One patient experienced arrhythmic death 5-yrs after procedure. One patient was reoperated due to dehiscence of VSD patch 2-yrs after the second successful percutaneous closure.ConclusionsTranscatheter closure of postsurgical residual VSD is safe and efficacious management option and obviates the need for further surgery and by-pass.

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