• Jani Penttilä, Amir Snapir, Erkki Kentala, Juha Koskenvuo, Jussi Posti, Mika Scheinin, Harry Scheinin, and Tom Kuusela.
• Turku PET Centre, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.
• Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2006 Jun 1; 62 (6): 401-7.

ObjectiveCardiac output (CO) has traditionally been measured using invasive techniques, which involve an element of risk. Thus, a reliable less-invasive method for determining CO would be very valuable for research use. We tested whether simple analysis of the arterial pulse waveform, not requiring large-vessel catheterisation or expensive equipment, could provide an estimate of CO that is accurate enough for pharmacological studies.MethodsWe measured CO in 11 healthy male subjects who received low and high doses of dexmedetomidine (alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist), using pulse contour analysis, echocardiography and pulmonary thermodilution techniques.ResultsAt baseline, these methods gave the following mean (SD) values of CO: 6.18 (1.59), 5.22 (1.35) and 7.03 (1.54) l/min, respectively. High-dose dexmedetomidine reduced CO to 4.50 (0.68), 3.65 (0.65) and 4.80 (0.89) l/min, corresponding to -25 (14) %, -28 (12) % and -30 (14) % reductions from baseline, respectively. The pulse contour method described these dexmedetomidine-induced changes in CO very similarly to the thermodilution and echocardiographic methods. The limits of agreement [bias (2SD)] were 0.55 (2.55) and -0.10 (2.04) l/min, respectively.ConclusionThe minimally invasive pulse contour analysis technique might be suitable for pharmacological studies for the detection of major drug-induced reductions in CO.

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