• Raddy L Ramos, Nga Yan Siu, William J Brunken, Kathleen T Yee, Lisa A Gabel, Sarah E Van Dine, and Blair J Hoplight.
• Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, N.Y., USA.
• Dev. Neurosci. 2014 Jan 1; 36 (6): 477-89.

AbstractHuman neocortical molecular layer heterotopia consist of aggregations of hundreds of neurons and glia in the molecular layer (layer I) and are indicative of neuronal migration defect. Despite having been associated with dyslexia, epilepsy, cobblestone lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, and Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, a complete understanding of the cellular and axonal constituents of molecular layer heterotopia is lacking. Using a mouse model, we identify diverse excitatory and inhibitory neurons as well as glia in heterotopia based on molecular profiles. Using immunocytochemistry, we identify diverse afferents in heterotopia from subcortical neuromodulatory centers. Finally, we document intracortical projections to/from heterotopia. These data are relevant toward understanding how heterotopia affect brain function in diverse neurodevelopmental disorders.© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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