• Velasco Forte Mari Nieves MN 0000-0003-1830-5673 School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. , Sébastien Roujol, Bram Ruijsink, Israel Valverde, Phuoc Duong, Nick Byrne, Sascha Krueger, Steffen Weiss, Yousef Arar, Reddy Surendranath R Veeram SRV Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA., Tobias Schaeffter, Tarique Hussain, Reza Razavi, and Kuberan Pushparajah.
• School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 May 1; 53 (5): 1446-1457.

BackgroundImprovements in outcomes for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) have increased the need for diagnostic and interventional procedures. Cumulative radiation risk is a growing concern. MRI-guided interventions are a promising ionizing radiation-free, alternative approach.PurposeTo assess the feasibility of MRI-guided catheterization in young patients with CHD using advanced visualization passive tracking techniques.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 30 patients with CHD referred for MRI-guided catheterization and pulmonary vascular resistance analysis (median age/weight: 4 years / 15 kg).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T; partially saturated (pSAT) real-time single-shot balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) sequence.AssessmentImages were visualized by a single viewer on the scanner console (interactive mode) or using a commercially available advanced visualization platform (iSuite, Philips). Image quality for anatomy and catheter visualization was evaluated by three cardiologists with >5 years' experience in MRI-catheterization using a 1-5 scale (1, poor, 5, excellent). Catheter balloon signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), blood and myocardium SNR, catheter balloon/blood contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), balloon/myocardium CNR, and blood/myocardium CNR were measured. Procedure findings, feasibility, and adverse events were recorded. A fraction of time in which the catheter was visible was compared between iSuite and the interactive mode.Statistical TestsT-test for numerical variables. Wilcoxon signed rank test for categorical variables.ResultsNine patients had right heart catheterization, 11 had both left and right heart catheterization, and 10 had single ventricle circulation. Nine patients underwent solely MRI-guided catheterization. The mean score for anatomical visualization and contrast between balloon tip and soft tissue was 3.9 ± 0.9 and 4.5 ± 0.7, respectively. iSuite provided a significant improvement in the time during which the balloon was visible in relation to interactive imaging mode (66 ± 17% vs. 46 ± 14%, P < 0.05).Data ConclusionMRI-guided catheterizations were carried out safely and is feasible in children and adults with CHD. The pSAT sequence offered robust and simultaneous high contrast visualization of the catheter and cardiac anatomy.Level Of Evidence2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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