• Akihiro Tanimoto, Jun Nakashima, Hidaka Kohno, Hiroshi Shinmoto, and Sachio Kuribayashi.
• Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, Japan. t-mri@tt.rim.or.jp
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 Jan 1; 25 (1): 146-52.

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic MRI in combination with T2-weighted imaging (T2W) for the detection of prostate cancer.Materials And MethodsA total of 83 patients with elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (>4.0 ng/mL) were evaluated by T2W, DWI, and dynamic MRI at 1.5 T prior to needle biopsy. The data from the results of the T2W alone (protocol A), combination of T2W and DWI (protocol B), and the combination of T2W+DWI and dynamic MRI (protocol C) were entered into a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, under results of systemic biopsy as the standard of reference.ResultsProstate cancer was pathologically detected in 44 of the 83 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the ROC curve (Az) for the detection of prostate cancer were as follows: 73%, 54%, 64%, and 0.711, respectively, in protocol A; 84%, 85%, 84%, and 0.905, respectively, in protocol B; and 95%, 74%, 86%, and 0.966, respectively, in protocol C. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were significantly different between the three protocols (P < 0.01).ConclusionIn patients with elevated serum PSA levels, the combination of T2W, DWI, and dynamic MRI may be a valuable tool for detecting prostate cancer and avoiding an unnecessary biopsy without missing prostate cancer.

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