• Matthew M Kalscheur, Leslie A Saxon, Byron K Lee, Jonathan S Steinberg, Chaoqun Mei, Kevin A Buhr, David L DeMets, Michael R Bristow, and Steven N Singh.
• University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
• Heart Rhythm. 2017 Jun 1; 14 (6): 858-865.

BackgroundControlled clinical trial data are lacking for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) from reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and intermittent atrial fibrillation or flutter (IAF/AFL).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe CRT outcomes in patients with IAF/AFL and advanced HF.MethodsHF outcomes in patients in the COMPANION (Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure) trial with New York Heart Association class III or IV HFrEF, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.35, sinus rhythm at randomization, and no history of baseline arrhythmia were compared with those with a history of IAF/AFL.ResultsIn those with no history of baseline arrhythmia (n = 887), compared with optimal pharmacological therapy (OPT) with no CRT, the CRT + OPT arms exhibited a significant reduction in the end points of death or any hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.60 to 0.89]; P = .002) and death or HF hospitalization (HR 0.53 [95% CI: 0.41 to 0.68]; P < .001). In contrast, in the IAF/AFL subgroup (n = 293), CRT did not result in improved outcomes compared with OPT (death or any hospitalization: HR 1.16 [95% CI: 0.83 to 1.63]; P = .38; death or HF hospitalization: HR 0.97 [95% CI: 0.64 to 1.46]; P = .88). The interaction between history of AF/AFL and CRT was statistically significant for both outcomes (P < .05).ConclusionIn the COMPANION trial, patients with moderate to severe HFrEF and a history of IAF/AFL had no benefit from CRT.Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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