• AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Dec 2018

    Differentiation of Hemorrhage from Iodine Using Spectral Detector CT: A Phantom Study.

    • S Van Hedent, N Große Hokamp, K R Laukamp, N Buls, R Kessner, B Rose, P Ros, and D Jordan.
    • From the Departments of Radiology (S.V.H., N.G.H., K.R.L., R.K., P.R., D.J.) steven.vanhedent@case.edu.
    • AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Dec 1; 39 (12): 2205-2210.

    Background And PurposeConventional CT often cannot distinguish hemorrhage from iodine extravasation following reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the potential of spectral detector CT in differentiating these lesions.Materials And MethodsCentrifuged blood with increasing hematocrit (5%-85%) was used to model hemorrhage. Pure blood, blood-iodine mixtures (75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 ratios), and iodine solutions (0-14 mg I/mL) were scanned in a phantom with attenuation ranging from 12 to 75 HU on conventional imaging. Conventional and virtual noncontrast attenuation was compared and investigated for correlation with calculation of relative virtual noncontrast attenuation. Values for all investigated categories were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Sensitivity and specificity of virtual noncontrast, relative virtual noncontrast, conventional CT attenuation, and iodine quantification for hemorrhage detection were determined with receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsConventional image attenuation was not significantly different among all samples containing blood (P > .05), while virtual noncontrast attenuation showed a significant decrease with a decreasing blood component (P < .01) in all blood-iodine mixtures. Relative virtual noncontrast values were significantly different among all investigated categories (P < .01), with correct hemorrhagic component size estimation for all categories within a 95% confidence interval. Areas under the curve for hemorrhage detection were 0.97, 0.87, 0.29, and 0.16 for virtual noncontrast, relative virtual noncontrast, conventional CT attenuation, and iodine quantification, respectively. A ≥10-HU virtual noncontrast, ≥20-HU virtual noncontrast, ≥40% relative virtual noncontrast, and combined ≥10-HU virtual noncontrast and ≥40% relative virtual noncontrast attenuation threshold had a sensitivity/specificity for detecting hemorrhage of 100%/23%, 89%/95%, 100%/82%, and 100%/100%, respectively.ConclusionsSpectral detector CT can accurately differentiate blood from iodinated contrast in a phantom setting.© 2018 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.

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