• Taketo Zamami, Hideo Shiohira, Masashi Nakamatsu, Naoya Nishiyama, Masao Tateyama, Jiro Fujita, and Katsunori Nakamura.
• Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2021 Oct 1; 75 (10): e14523.

BackgroundIn Japan, the national action plan to adress antimicrobial resistance problems aimed to reduce the use of oral cephalosporins, quinolones, and macrolides per day per 1000 inhabitants by 50% from the levelin 2013 by 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a revised antibiotic formulary on in- and out-hospital oral antibiotic prescribing practices at a 600-bed university hospital.MethodA retrospective before-and-after comparison study was conducted. All antimicrobial consumption data in the reviewed classes from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2018, were extracted from the hospital database's electronic medical records. The data were measured in the defined daily dose and antibiotic use density (defined daily dose per 1000 patient-days).ResultsThe total oral antibiotic use densities for in-hospital prescriptions in 2013 and 2018 were 117.95 and 75.42, respectively, and 239.83 and 193.88, respectively, for out-hospital prescriptions. From 2013 to 2018, antibiotic use densities of second- and third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones for in-hospital prescriptions changed annually by -49.00%, -92.67%, +0.49% and -48.19%, and out-hospital prescriptions of these antibiotics changed by +76.69%, -86.37%, -16.29% and -51.75%, over the same period. Penicillin prescriptions increased by 71.31% for in-hospital and 42.72% for out-hospital prescriptions over this period.ConclusionsThe revised hospital antibiotic formulary reduced total antibiotic consumption and increased the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics for both in- and out-hospital prescriptions.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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