• Suzanne Spijkers, Annemieke S Littooij, Thomas C Kwee, Nelleke Tolboom, Auke Beishuizen, BruinMarrie C AMCAPrincess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Goya Enríquez, Constantino Sábado, Elka Miller, Claudio Granata, Charlotte de Lange, Federico Verzegnassi, Bart de Keizer, and NievelsteinRutger A JRAJDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncolo.
• Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. suzannespijkers@outlook.com.
• Eur Radiol. 2021 Dec 1; 31 (12): 8925-8936.

ObjectivesTo compare WB-MRI with an [18F]FDG-PET/CT-based reference for early response assessment and restaging in children with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL).MethodsFifty-one children (ages 10-17) with HL were included in this prospective, multicentre study. All participants underwent WB-MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT at early response assessment. Thirteen of the 51 patients also underwent both WB-MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT at restaging. Two radiologists independently evaluated all WB-MR images in two separate readings: without and with DWI. The [18F]FDG-PET/CT examinations were evaluated by a nuclear medicine physician. An expert panel assessed all discrepancies between WB-MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT to derive the [18F]FDG-PET/CT-based reference standard. Inter-observer agreement for WB-MRI was calculated using kappa statistics. Concordance, PPV, NPV, sensitivity and specificity for a correct assessment of the response between WB-MRI and the reference standard were calculated for both nodal and extra-nodal disease presence and total response evaluation.ResultsInter-observer agreement of WB-MRI including DWI between both readers was moderate (κ 0.46-0.60). For early response assessment, WB-MRI DWI agreed with the reference standard in 33/51 patients (65%, 95% CI 51-77%) versus 15/51 (29%, 95% CI 19-43%) for WB-MRI without DWI. For restaging, WB-MRI including DWI agreed with the reference standard in 9/13 patients (69%, 95% CI 42-87%) versus 5/13 patients (38%, 95% CI 18-64%) for WB-MRI without DWI.ConclusionsThe addition of DWI to the WB-MRI protocol in early response assessment and restaging of paediatric HL improved agreement with the [18F]FDG-PET/CT-based reference standard. However, WB-MRI remained discordant in 30% of the patients compared to standard imaging for assessing residual disease presence.Key Points• Inter-observer agreement of WB-MRI including DWI between both readers was moderate for (early) response assessment of paediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma. • The addition of DWI to the WB-MRI protocol in early response assessment and restaging of paediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma improved agreement with the [18F]FDG-PET/CT-based reference standard. • WB-MRI including DWI agreed with the reference standard in respectively 65% and 69% of the patients for early response assessment and restaging.© 2021. The Author(s).

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