• Charis Bourgioti, Anastasia Evangelia Konstantinidou, Konstantina Zafeiropoulou, Aristeidis Antoniou, Stavros Fotopoulos, Marianna Theodora, George Daskalakis, Maria Evangelia Nikolaidou, Chara Tzavara, Aikaterini Letsika, Epameinondas Anastasios Martzoukos, and Lia Angela Moulopoulos.
• From the First Department of Radiology (C.B., K.Z., A.A., L.A.M.) and First Department of Pathology (A.L.), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 76 Vassilissis Sofias Ave, Athens 11528, Greece; First Department of Pathology (A.E.K.) and Department of Health, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics (C.T.), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, IASO Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece (S.F., M.E.N.); Department of Fetal and Maternal Medicine, First Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (M.T., G.D.); and Department of Radiology, 401 General Army Hospital, Athens, Greece (E.A.M.).
• Radiology. 2021 Feb 1; 298 (2): 403-412.

AbstractBackground Prenatal identification of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder is essential for treatment planning. More objective means for predicting PAS and clinical outcome may be provided by MRI descriptors. Purpose To investigate the association of intraplacental fetal vessel (IFV) diameter at MRI with PAS and peripartum complications. Materials and Methods Between March 2016 and October 2019, 160 gravid women suspected of having PAS underwent placental MRI as part of a prospective trial. Secondary analysis was performed by two experienced genitourinary radiologists for presence and maximum diameter of IFVs. Relative risk ratios were computed to test the association of IFVs with presence and depth of PAS invasiveness. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the ability of IFV diameter to help predict PAS, placenta percreta, and peripartum complications and for comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) versus that from other combined MRI predictors of PAS (eg, myometrial thinning, intraplacental T2-hypointense bands, uterine bulge, serosal hypervascularity, and signs of extrauterine placental spread). Intraoperative and histopathologic findings were the reference standard. Results A total of 155 women were evaluated (mean age, 35 years ± 5 [standard deviation]; mean gestational age, 32 weeks ± 3). PAS was diagnosed in 126 of 155 women (81%) (placental percreta in 68 of 126 [54%]). At delivery, 30 of 126 women (24%) experienced massive blood loss (>2000 mL). IFVs were detected at MRI in 109 of 126 women with PAS (86%) and in 67 of 68 women with placental percreta (98%). The relative risk ratio was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6, 3.4; P < .001) for PAS and 10 (95% CI: 1.5, 70.4; P < .001) for placental percreta when IFVs were visible. IFVs of 2 mm or greater were associated with PAS (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95; P = .04). IVFs of 3 mm or greater were associated with placenta percreta (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.89; P < .001) and with peripartum complications, including massive bleeding (AUC, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.89; P < .001). Combining assessment of IFVs with other MRI descriptors improved the ability of MRI to predict PAS (AUC, 0.94 vs 0.89; P = .009). Conclusion Assessment of intraplacental fetal vessels with other MRI descriptors improved the ability of MRI to help predict PAS. Vessel diameter of 3 mm or greater was predictive of placenta percreta and peripartum complications. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Dighe in this issue.

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