• Qigu Yao, Lihu Gu, Rong Su, Bangsheng Chen, and Hongcui Cao.
• State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China.
• J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2020 Nov 1; 24 (22): 13494-13506.

AbstractTreatment of multiple malignant solid tumours with programmed death (PD)-1/PD ligand (PD-L) 1 inhibitors has been reported. However, the efficacy and immune adverse effects of combination therapies are controversial. This meta-analysis was performed with PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from their inception until January 2020. Random-effect model was adopted because of relatively high heterogeneity. We also calculated hazard ratio (HR) of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and risk ratio (RR) of adverse events (AEs), the incidence of grade 3-5 AEs by tumour subgroup, therapeutic schedules and therapy lines. Nineteen articles were selected using the search strategy for meta-analysis. Combined PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors prolonged OS and PFS (HR 0.72, P < 0.001) and (HR 0.66, P < 0.001). In addition, incidence of all-grade and grade 3-5 AEs was not significant in the two subgroup analyses (HR 1.01, P = 0.31) and (HR 1.10, P = 0.07), respectively. Our meta-analysis indicated that combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors had greater clinical benefits and adverse events were not increased significantly.© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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