• Moneer K Faraj.
• Deputy Rapporteur Arabian Board of Neurosurgery, Director Local Committee of Arabian Board of Neurosurgery/Iraq, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Salihyia, Baghdad, Iraq. Electronic address: drmkfaraj@uob.edu.iq.
• World Neurosurg. 2021 Aug 1; 152: 144-151.

BackgroundMost microsurgical instrument designs concentrate on manipulating the targeted tissue more than the detailed design of the user's hand. Microergonomics is a new area of study on hand design in order to redesign the instruments in a better way for the surgeon's hand.MethodsThe article describes how the concept of microergonomics could improve the design of microinstruments. The penization concept is introduced, too. This involves converting the instruments available to the shape of a pen, making these instruments manipulated just like the writing process.ResultsA new design of pen needle holder is suggested, along with a new concept of integrating electronics with the instruments, revealing many possible future devices.ConclusionsThe future perspectives of designing neurosurgical instruments will be directed toward microergonomics, penization, and electronics integrated with surgical instrument principles.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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