• Xiaowei Zou, Blaine L Hart, Marc Mabray, Mary R Bartlett, Wei Bian, Jeffrey Nelson, Leslie A Morrison, Charles E McCulloch, Christopher P Hess, Janine M Lupo, and Helen Kim.
• Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
• Neuroradiology. 2017 Jul 1; 59 (7): 685-690.

PurposeFamilial cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) patients present with multiple lesions that can grow both in number and size over time and are reliably detected on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Manual counting of lesions is arduous and subject to high variability. We aimed to develop an automated algorithm for counting CCM microbleeds (lesions <5 mm in diameter) on SWI images.MethodsFifty-seven familial CCM type-1 patients were included in this institutional review board-approved study. Baseline SWI (n = 57) and follow-up SWI (n = 17) were performed on a 3T Siemens MR scanner with lesions counted manually by the study neuroradiologist. We modified an algorithm for detecting radiation-induced microbleeds on SWI images in brain tumor patients, using a training set of 22 manually delineated CCM microbleeds from two random scans. Manual and automated counts were compared using linear regression with robust standard errors, intra-class correlation (ICC), and paired t tests. A validation analysis comparing the automated counting algorithm and a consensus read from two neuroradiologists was used to calculate sensitivity, the proportion of microbleeds correctly identified by the automated algorithm.ResultsAutomated and manual microbleed counts were in strong agreement in both baseline (ICC = 0.95, p < 0.001) and longitudinal (ICC = 0.88, p < 0.001) analyses, with no significant difference between average counts (baseline p = 0.11, longitudinal p = 0.29). In the validation analysis, the algorithm correctly identified 662 of 1325 microbleeds (sensitivity=50%), again with strong agreement between approaches (ICC = 0.77, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe automated algorithm is a consistent method for counting microbleeds in familial CCM patients that can facilitate lesion quantification and tracking.

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