• Heidi Högel, Eero Rissanen, Christian Barro, Markus Matilainen, Marjo Nylund, Jens Kuhle, and Laura Airas.
• Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland/Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
• Mult. Scler. 2020 Feb 1; 26 (2): 210-219.

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of two soluble biomarkers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL), have been shown to associate with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Now, both biomarkers can be detected reliably in serum, and importantly, their serum levels correlate well with their CSF levels.ObjectiveTo evaluate the usability of serum GFAP measurement as a biomarker of progressive disease and disease severity in MS.MethodsClinical course, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), disease duration, patient age and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were reviewed in 79 MS patients in this cross-sectional hospital-based study. Serum samples were collected for measurement of GFAP and NfL concentrations using single molecule array (Simoa) assay. A cohort of healthy controls was evaluated for comparison.ResultsHigher serum concentrations of both GFAP and NfL were associated with higher EDSS, older age, longer disease duration, progressive disease course and MRI pathology.ConclusionEarlier studies have demonstrated that GFAP, unlike NfL, is not increased in association with acute focal inflammation-related nervous system damage. Our work suggests that GFAP serum level associates with disease progression in MS and could potentially serve as an easily measurable biomarker of central nervous system (CNS) pathology related to disease progression in MS.

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