• Wan-Ling Ho, Giun-Yi Hung, Hsiu-Ju Yen, Yung-Li Yang, Hsiu-Hao Chang, Meng-Yao Lu, Kai-Hsin Lin, Jiann-Shiuh Chen, Chao-Neng Cheng, Iou-Jih Hung, Chao-Ping Yang, Shih-Hsiang Chen, Hsi-Che Liu, Ting-Chi Yeh, Jen-Yin Hou, Chih-Cheng Hsiao, Jiunn-Ming Sheen, Tai-Tsung Chang, Tai-Tong Wong, James S Miser, Yen-Lin Liu, Rong-Long Chen, Bow-Wen Chen, Ching-Tien Peng, Te-Kau Chang, Kang-Hsi Wu, Yu-Hsiang Chang, Jinn-Li Wang, Shih-Chung Wang, Ming-Tsan Lin, Fu-Chang Hu, Shiann-Tarng Jou, and Dong-Tsamn Lin.
• School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2022 Jan 1; 121 (1 Pt 2): 350-359.

BackgroundPatients with childhood cancer are at increased risk for the development of second cancers.MethodsA national multicenter survey of second cancers conducted by the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group retrieved retrospective data from the database at the Children Cancer Foundation in Taiwan beginning in 1995. The characteristics of second cancers and associations of patient demographic and clinical characteristics with time to death due to a second cancer were analyzed.ResultsWe examined the records of 8782 patients with a primary cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2013, and a total of 99 patients with a second cancer were identified. The most common type of second cancer was acute myeloid leukemia (n = 35), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 15), central nervous system (CNS) tumors (n = 15), and sarcomas (n = 10). Secondary hematological malignancies occurred earlier than other secondary cancers. The frequencies of second CNS tumors and second bone cancers and sarcomas were notably increased when prior radiation doses increased from zero, low dose to high dose. The overall 5-year survival of patients with a second cancer was poor (33.7%). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that the year of primary diagnosis ≤2002, secondary hematological malignancies, and age at second cancer diagnosis ≤9.3 years or >26.8 years increased the risk of death following second cancer.ConclusionChildren who develop a second cancer have an unfavorable outcome. Early detection and improved treatment for second cancers are needed.Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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