• Javed Butler, Kevin J Anstrom, G Michael Felker, Michael M Givertz, Andreas P Kalogeropoulos, Marvin A Konstam, Douglas L Mann, Kenneth B Margulies, Steven E McNulty, Robert J Mentz, Margaret M Redfield, Tang W H Wilson WHW Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio., David J Whellan, Monica Shah, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Adrian F Hernandez, Eugene Braunwald, and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Heart Failure Clinical Research Network.
• Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
• JAMA Cardiol. 2017 Sep 1; 2 (9): 950-958.

ImportancePersistent congestion is associated with worse outcomes in acute heart failure (AHF). Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists administered at high doses may relieve congestion, overcome diuretic resistance, and mitigate the effects of adverse neurohormonal activation in AHF.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of high-dose spironolactone and usual care on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels compared with usual care alone.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsThis double-blind and placebo (or low-dose)-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in 22 US acute care hospitals among patients with AHF who were previously receiving no or low-dose (12.5 mg or 25 mg daily) spironolactone and had NT-proBNP levels of 1000 pg/mL or more or B-type natriuretic peptide levels of 250 pg/mL or more, regardless of ejection fraction.InterventionsHigh-dose spironolactone (100 mg) vs placebo or 25 mg spironolactone (usual care) daily for 96 hours.Main Outcomes And MeasuresThe primary end point was the change in NT-proBNP levels from baseline to 96 hours. Secondary end points included the clinical congestion score, dyspnea assessment, net urine output, and net weight change. Safety end points included hyperkalemia and changes in renal function.ResultsA total of 360 patients were randomized, of whom the median age was 65 years, 129 (36%) were women, 200 (55.5%) were white, 151 (42%) were black, 8 (2%) were Hispanic or Latino, 9 (2.5%) were of other race/ethnicity, and the median left ventricular ejection fraction was 34%. Baseline median (interquartile range) NT-proBNP levels were 4601 (2697-9596) pg/mL among the group treated with high-dose spironolactone and 3753 (1968-7633) pg/mL among the group who received usual care. There was no significant difference in the log NT-proBNP reduction between the 2 groups (-0.55 [95% CI, -0.92 to -0.18] with high-dose spironolactone and -0.49 [95% CI, -0.98 to -0.14] with usual care, P = .57). None of the secondary end point or day-30 all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization rate differed between the 2 groups. The changes in serum potassium and estimated glomerular filtration rate at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. were similar between the 2 groups.Conclusions And RelevanceAdding treatment with high-dose spironolactone to usual care for patients with AHF for 96 hours was well tolerated but did not improve the primary or secondary efficacy end points.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02235077.

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