• Gitte B Tygesen, Marianne Lisby, Nikolaj Raaber, Mette T Rask, and Hans Kirkegaard.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark.
• Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021 Oct 1; 65 (9): 1337-1344.

BackgroundStudies have suggested that adding subjective parameters to early warning score (EWS) systems might prompt more proactive treatment and positively affect clinical outcomes. Hence, the study aimed to investigate effect of a situation awareness model consisting of objective and subjective parameters on clinical deterioration in adult emergency department (ED) patients.MethodsThis controlled pre-and-post interventional study was carried out in July-December 2016 and November 2017-April 2018. In ED patients ≥ 18 years, we examined if a situation awareness model compared with a conventional EWS system could reduce clinical deterioration. The new model consisted of a regional EWS, combined with skin observation, clinical concern and patients' and relatives' concerns, pain, dyspnea, and team risk assessment. Clinical deterioration was defined as change in vital signs requiring increased observation or physician assessment, that is, increase in early warning score from either 0 or 1 to score ≥2 or an increase from score ≥2 and above. Secondary outcomes were mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and readmissions.ResultsWe included 34 556 patients. Patients with two or more registered EWS were included in the primary analysis (N = 21 839). Using difference-in-difference regression, we found a reduced odds of clinical deterioration of 21% (OR 0.79 95% CI [0.69; 0.90]) in the intervention groups compared with controls. No impact on mortality, ICU, or readmissions was found.ConclusionThe situation awareness model reduces odds of clinical deterioration, defined as a clinically relevant increase in EWS, in an unselected adult population of ED patients. However, there was no effect on secondary outcomes.© 2021 The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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