• Sophie van Baalen, Alexander Leemans, Pieter Dik, Marc R Lilien, Bennie Ten Haken, and Martijn Froeling.
• MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Jul 1; 46 (1): 228-239.

PurposeTo evaluate if a three-component model correctly describes the diffusion signal in the kidney and whether it can provide complementary anatomical or physiological information about the underlying tissue.Materials And MethodsTen healthy volunteers were examined at 3T, with T2 -weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). Diffusion tensor parameters (mean diffusivity [MD] and fractional anisotropy [FA]) were obtained by iterative weighted linear least squares fitting of the DTI data and mono-, bi-, and triexponential fit parameters (D1 , D2 , D3 , ffast2 , ffast3 , and finterm ) using a nonlinear fit of the IVIM data. Average parameters were calculated for three regions of interest (ROIs) (cortex, medulla, and rest) and from fiber tractography. Goodness of fit was assessed with adjusted R2 ( Radj2) and the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test residuals for normality. Maps of diffusion parameters were also visually compared.ResultsFitting the diffusion signal was feasible for all models. The three-component model was best able to describe fast signal decay at low b values (b < 50), which was most apparent in Radj2 of the ROI containing high diffusion signals (ROIrest ), which was 0.42 ± 0.14, 0.61 ± 0.11, 0.77 ± 0.09, and 0.81 ± 0.08 for DTI, one-, two-, and three-component models, respectively, and in visual comparison of the fitted and measured S0 . None of the models showed significant differences (P > 0.05) between the diffusion constant of the medulla and cortex, whereas the ffast component of the two and three-component models were significantly different (P < 0.001).ConclusionTriexponential fitting is feasible for the diffusion signal in the kidney, and provides additional information.Level Of Evidence2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:228-239.© 2016 The Authors Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

29 keywords...

hide…