• Shruti Dighe, Jiwei Zhao, Lyn Steffen, J A Mares, Stacy M Meuer, Klein Barbara E K BEK Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA., Ronald Klein, and Amy E Millen.
• Department of Epidemiology and Environmental health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
• Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug 1; 104 (8): 1070-1076.

BackgroundAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the elderly.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the association between dietary patterns and food groups (used to make them) with the 18-year incidence of AMD.MethodsARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) participants who showed change in AMD lesions between retinal photographs taken at visit 3 and visit 5 were graded side by side to determine incident AMD (any=144; early=117; late=27). A 66-line item food frequency questionnaire, administered at visit 1 and visit 3, was used to identify 29 food groups. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns from average food group servings. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for incident AMD (any, early and late) by tertiles of dietary pattern scores, adjusted for age, race, education, total calories and smoking status. P-trend was estimated using continuous scores.ResultsWestern (unhealthy) and Prudent (healthy) dietary patterns were identified. No significant associations were observed between either dietary pattern and incident any or incident early AMD. However, a threefold higher incidence of late AMD was observed among participants with a Western pattern score above, as compared with below, the median (OR=3.44 (95% CI 1.33 to 8.87), p-trend=0.014). The risk of developing late AMD was decreased, but not statistically significant, among participants with a Prudent pattern score above, as compared with below, the median (OR=0.51 (95% CI 0.22 to 1.18), p-trend=0.054).ConclusionsDiet patterns were not significantly associated with incident any or incident early AMD. However, consumption of a Western pattern diet may be a risk factor for development of late AMD.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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