• Marceo V W Zibetti, Azadeh Sharafi, Ricardo Otazo, and Ravinder R Regatte.
• Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
• Magn Reson Med. 2019 Feb 1; 81 (2): 863-880.

PurposeUse compressed sensing (CS) for 3D biexponential spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ ) mapping of knee cartilage, reducing the total scan time and maintaining the quality of estimated biexponential T1ρ parameters (short and long relaxation times and corresponding fractions) comparable to fully sampled scans.MethodsFully sampled 3D-T1ρ -weighted data sets were retrospectively undersampled by factors 2-10. CS reconstruction using 12 different sparsifying transforms were compared for biexponential T1ρ -mapping of knee cartilage, including temporal and spatial wavelets and finite differences, dictionary from principal component analysis (PCA), k-means singular value decomposition (K-SVD), exponential decay models, and also low rank and low rank plus sparse models. Synthetic phantom (N = 6) and in vivo human knee cartilage data sets (N = 7) were included in the experiments. Spatial filtering before biexponential T1ρ parameter estimation was also tested.ResultsMost CS methods performed satisfactorily for an acceleration factor (AF) of 2, with relative median normalized absolute deviation (MNAD) around 10%. Some sparsifying transforms, such as low rank with spatial finite difference (L + S SFD), spatiotemporal finite difference (STFD), and exponential dictionaries (EXP) significantly improved this performance, reaching MNAD below 15% with AF up to 10, when spatial filtering was used.ConclusionAccelerating biexponential 3D-T1ρ mapping of knee cartilage with CS is feasible. The best results were obtained by STFD, EXP, and L + S SFD regularizers combined with spatial prefiltering. These 3 CS methods performed satisfactorily on synthetic phantom as well as in vivo knee cartilage for AFs up to 10, with median error below 15%.© 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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